action potential

action potential的音标是[ækˈʃən ˈpəːtɪkəl]；基本翻译是“动作电位”；速记技巧是“阿克心剖得克”。

Action potential这个词源自希腊语，意为“行动的电流”。它的变化形式包括其复数形式“action potentials”和过去式“action-polarized”。

相关单词：

1. “Electrophysiology” - 这个词源自希腊语中的“electro”和“physiology”，意为“电生理学”，是研究动作电位的学科。

2. “Voltage-gated” - 这个词表示门，指的是一种通过电压控制的开关机制，常见于动作电位通道蛋白。

3. “Transmission” - 这个词表示传递，动作电位是神经元之间传递信息的方式。

4. “Excitation” - 这个词源自拉丁语，意为“激发”，指的是神经元的兴奋状态。

5. “Inhibition” - 这个词表示抑制，与兴奋相反，指的是神经元之间的抑制作用。

6. “Reflex” - 这个词源自拉丁语，意为“反射”，指的是一种快速、无意识的反应机制，通常由刺激引起的动作电位触发。

7. “Neurotransmitter” - 这个词表示神经递质，是神经元之间传递信息的化学物质，通常由神经元释放，作用于下一个神经元。

8. “Neuron” - 这个词源自希腊语中的“neuro”，意为神经元，是神经系统中的基本细胞单位。

9. “Pulse” - 这个词源自拉丁语，意为脉冲或震动，指的是动作电位在神经元中的传播方式。

10. “Potentiality” - 这个词源自拉丁语中的“potentia”，意为潜能或可能性，指的是动作电位能够传递信息的能力。

常用短语：

1. generate an action potential

2. depolarize the membrane

3. repolarize the membrane

4. sodium channel

5. potassium channel

6. calcium influx

7. membrane potential

8. excitability of the nerve

例句：

1. The neuron is capable of generating an action potential in response to stimuli. (神经元能够对刺激作出反应并产生动作电位。)

2. The membrane depolarized as the neuron fired an action potential. (随着神经元产生动作电位，细胞膜去极化了。)

3. The potassium channel opened, allowing potassium to rapidly leave the cell, which repolarized the membrane. (钾通道打开，允许钾快速离开细胞，从而使细胞膜再极化。)

4. The nerve is highly excitable, easily generating action potentials in response to stimuli. (神经非常兴奋，能够轻易地对刺激产生动作电位。)

5. The body"s nervous system is responsible for transmitting action potentials from one part of the body to another. (身体神经系统负责将动作电位从身体的某一部位传递到另一部位。)

6. Understanding the role of action potentials in neural signaling is crucial for developing effective treatments for neurological disorders. (理解动作电位在神经信号传递中的作用对于开发治疗神经性疾病的有效方法至关重要。)

7. Neurons rely on the rapid and efficient transmission of action potentials to communicate information between one another. (神经元依靠动作电位的快速有效传递来彼此之间传递信息。)

英文小作文：

Neurons are critical components of the human body"s nervous system, and their ability to generate action potentials is essential for communication between neurons and the transfer of information throughout the body. Action potentials are electrical signals that travel down neurons" axons, causing them to contract and release neurotransmitters at their synapses, which in turn stimulate other neurons to fire in response. This process allows the brain and body to coordinate complex movements and responses to external stimuli. However, neurons are not the only cells in the body that generate action potentials; muscle cells also rely on them to contract and relax. Understanding how action potentials work and how they are generated is crucial for understanding how the nervous system functions and for developing effective treatments for neurological disorders such as epilepsy, stroke, and Parkinson"s disease.