allele

allele的音标是["ælɪlə]，翻译成中文是"等位基因"；速记技巧是：a=等位（adj）+ lele=基因（n）。

Allele这个词的词源可以追溯到拉丁语，意为“个体”。这个词在遗传学中用来描述生物个体中存在的特定基因类型。

变化形式：复数形式为alleles，单数形式为allelic。

相关单词：

1. dominant allele（显性等位基因）：指在杂种中表现出来的等位基因。

2. recessive allele（隐性等位基因）：指在杂种中未表现出来的等位基因，但在隐性纯合子中表现出来。

3. allele frequency（等位基因频率）：描述某一等位基因在某一特定群体中的出现频率。

4. allele-specific PCR（等位基因特异性聚合酶链反应）：一种用于检测特定等位基因的DNA聚合酶技术。

5. allele-specific oligonucleotide（ASO）：一种用于检测特定等位基因的短核酸序列。

6. allele-level analysis（等位基因水平分析）：一种用于研究遗传多样性的分析方法。

7. allele-differentiated gene expression（等位基因差异的基因表达）：描述不同等位基因在特定组织或细胞类型中表达差异的现象。

8. allele-linked marker（与特定等位基因连锁的标记）：用于定位与特定等位基因相关的遗传标记。

9. allele-specific mutation（等位基因特异性突变）：指特定等位基因上的突变。

10. allele-specific copy number variation（等位基因特异性拷贝数变异）：指特定等位基因上的拷贝数差异。

以上这些单词都与allele这个词密切相关，反映了遗传学中关于基因和等位基因的研究。

常用短语：

1. allele frequency

2. allele substitution

3. allele-specific mutation

4. allele-dose effect

5. allele-linked marker

6. allele-specific expression

7. allele-associated disease

例句：

1. The allele frequency of a particular gene has been studied extensively in different populations.

2. The substitution of one allele for another in a gene can lead to a significant change in phenotype.

3. Mutations in the same allele of a gene can lead to different diseases in different individuals.

4. The allele dose has been shown to have an important effect on the risk of developing certain diseases.

5. Allele-linked markers can be used to identify individuals with a particular genotype.

6. The expression of a gene depends on which allele is expressed, and this can vary between individuals and tissues.

7. It is important to understand the association between specific alleles and diseases for the development of effective treatment strategies.

英文小作文：

The Role of Alleles in Genetic Diversity and Disease Risk

Alleles are the individual variants of genes that make up our genetic makeup. They play a crucial role in determining our physical and biological characteristics, as well as our risk of developing certain diseases. From allele frequency to allele-dose effects, understanding allelic variation is essential for understanding our genetic make-up and for developing effective treatment strategies for diseases. Alleles contribute to genetic diversity by allowing for variation in phenotype and disease risk among individuals. They also provide clues about the history and evolution of species, as well as insights into the mechanisms of inheritance and disease development. Understanding allelic variation is key to unlocking the secrets of our genetic make-up and to developing more personalized and effective healthcare strategies.